Can colour-coding transform your lessons?
Colour-coding connects ideas, reduces confusion, and helps students make sense of concepts.
This research examines how colour-coding improves learning in physics.
Published in 2024, The effect of colour-coding on students’ perception of learning in introductory mechanics (Thomas et al., 2024) demonstrates that strategically using colour helps students understand and connect complex ideas across diagrams, equations, and definitions.
The research was conducted with physics students who often struggle with understanding how equations relate to physical concepts.
The colour-coding techniques used helped bridges this gap by linking different representations, making it easier for students to identify patterns, track information, and separate complex details.
This simple technique can make lessons more accessible and engaging for students.
Teachers can use this strategy in various ways to support their students, particularly in subjects requiring problem-solving and multiple representations. Below, I explore what colour-coding is, why it matters, and how it can be applied in the classroom.
Colour-coding involves
Colour-coding involves the strategic use of colour to link related information or distinguish between concepts. The study tested three approaches in a mechanics class:
- Linking equations with verbal definitions through consistent colour use.
- Matching variables in equations with corresponding diagram elements.
- Separating 2D problem components using distinct colours for each axis.
Each approach helped students make sense of challenging material, particularly when dealing with abstract or multi-representational concepts.
Research shows that colour enhances memory
Research shows that colour enhances memory, focus, and comprehension. In physics, students often find it difficult to connect mathematical symbols with physical meaning. Colour-coding solves this by visually linking equations, diagrams, and definitions. (see above) This improves understanding and reduces cognitive overload, making complex topics easier to digest. Note, the study found that students overwhelmingly appreciated the benefits of this approach, with only minor criticisms related to colour overuse.
3 ways reachers can start using colour-coding
- Assign consistent colours to variables in equations and use these colours in diagrams and definitions.
- Highlight key components of 2D problems with distinct colours for \(x\)- and \(y\)-axes.
- Avoid overloading slides with too many colours—three to four distinct colours are enough.
For teachers using whiteboards, consider using coloured markers to emphasise connections. Alternatively, provide students with printed resources that incorporate colour-coded examples. Ensure accessibility by avoiding red and green combinations to support students with colour blindness.
Reflection questions for teachers to consider
- How could colour-coding help your students better understand equations and diagrams?
- Are there topics where your students struggle to make connections?
- How might you use colour to separate or highlight key information?
- Do your classroom tools support the use of colour effectively?
- How can you ensure your resources are accessible to all students, including those with SEND?
- What professional development opportunities might support your use of this technique?
- Could you adapt this approach for other STEM subjects?
- How will you measure the impact of colour-coding on your students’ learning?
The research concludes:
Thoughtfully using color for more than just aesthetics is a worthwhile practice.
Download and read the full paper.
